Elektrárne

Elektrárne, or power plants, are industrial facilities designed for the generation of electric energy. They convert various forms of energy, such as thermal, kinetic, or chemical energy, into electrical energy that can be distributed and used by consumers. The fundamental principle behind most power plants involves a prime mover, such as a turbine, which is rotated by a working fluid. This rotation then drives an electrical generator, producing electricity.

Different types of power plants exist, categorized by their primary energy source and conversion method. Thermal power plants, a common category, utilize heat to produce steam, which drives turbines. This heat is typically generated through the combustion of fossil fuels like coal, natural gas, or oil. Nuclear power plants also use heat, but in this case, it's derived from nuclear fission. Renewable energy sources also power electricity generation. Hydroelectric power plants harness the kinetic energy of falling water to spin turbines. Wind turbines convert wind's kinetic energy directly into electricity. Solar power plants use photovoltaic cells to convert sunlight into electricity or concentrated solar power systems to generate heat for steam turbines. Geothermal power plants tap into the Earth's internal heat.

The electricity generated in a power plant is then transmitted through a network of high-voltage transmission lines to substations, where its voltage is adjusted for distribution to homes, businesses, and industries. The reliability and efficiency of power plants are crucial for modern society, as electricity underpins countless aspects of daily life and economic activity.