Elektrokinetikas

Elektrokinetikas refers to phenomena that arise from the relative motion between a fluid and a charged surface. This motion can be either the fluid moving past a stationary surface or the surface moving through a stationary fluid. The key feature is the presence of an electric double layer at the interface between the fluid and the surface. This double layer consists of charges fixed on the surface and counter-charges within the fluid. When either the fluid or the surface moves, the mobile charges within the double layer are dragged along, creating an electric current. This movement of charge gives rise to various electrokinetic effects.

The most well-known electrokinetic phenomenon is electrophoresis, where charged particles suspended in a fluid move when an electric field is applied. Another important effect is electroosmosis, which describes the bulk flow of a liquid through a porous material or a narrow channel when an electric field is applied parallel to the surface. Streaming potential and streaming current are related phenomena where the movement of a fluid past a stationary charged surface generates an electric potential difference or current, respectively. These electrokinetic effects have diverse applications in fields such as microfluidics, separation science, water purification, and drug delivery. Understanding the principles of elektrokinetikas is crucial for designing and optimizing systems that utilize these charge-driven transport processes.