Electrofyziologické

Elektrofyziologické refers to the study of the electrical properties of biological cells and tissues. It is a branch of physiology that investigates how electrical potentials are generated and propagated within these structures. Key areas of electrophysiological study include the function of excitable cells such as neurons and muscle cells, where electrical signals are fundamental to their activity. This field examines phenomena like action potentials, synaptic transmission, and the role of ion channels in regulating membrane potential.

Techniques used in electrophysiology allow researchers to measure and manipulate electrical activity. These include intracellular and extracellular recordings, voltage clamping, patch clamping, and optogenetics. Intracellular recordings involve inserting microelectrodes into cells to measure the voltage changes across the cell membrane. Extracellular recordings detect electrical signals in the vicinity of the cells. Voltage clamping precisely controls the membrane potential to study the ion currents that flow across it. Patch clamping, a refinement of voltage clamping, allows for the isolation and study of single ion channels. Optogenetics uses light to control genetically modified cells that express light-sensitive ion channels, enabling precise temporal and spatial control of neural activity.

The insights gained from electrophysiology are crucial for understanding normal physiological processes and for diagnosing and treating various neurological and cardiac disorders. It plays a significant role in neuroscience, cardiology, and the development of new therapeutic strategies.