Efnaformúlu

Efnaformúlu is the Icelandic word for chemical formula. A chemical formula is a way of representing the chemical composition of a substance using symbols and numbers. It indicates the types of atoms present and the number of atoms of each type in a molecule or compound. For example, the chemical formula for water is H₂O, indicating that a molecule of water consists of two hydrogen atoms and one oxygen atom. Different types of chemical formulas exist, including empirical formulas, molecular formulas, and structural formulas, each providing varying levels of detail about the substance's composition and arrangement of atoms. The empirical formula shows the simplest whole-number ratio of elements in a compound, while the molecular formula shows the actual number of atoms of each element in a molecule. Structural formulas further illustrate the bonding between atoms and the molecule's three-dimensional structure. Chemical formulas are fundamental tools in chemistry, enabling scientists to communicate and understand the composition and properties of matter.