Distanarea

Distanarea is a conceptual metric in geography and geographic information systems (GIS) that quantifies how the influence of a geographic source spreads across space, integrating both distance to the source and the size of the area affected. It is used to model situations where proximity and coverage jointly affect accessibility, impact, or service reach.

Definition and calculation: The distanarea value for a target location is defined as the integral over a source area A of a distance-decay function f(d(x, t)) dx, where d(x, t) is the distance between a point x in A and the target t, and f decreases as distance increases. In discrete computations, Distanarea ≈ sum over points x in A of f(d(x, t)). A common choice for f is an exponential decay f(d) = e^{−βd} or a linear decay f(d) = max(0, 1 − αd) within a defined range.

Origins and usage: The concept arose in the GIS and urban planning literature as a way to move beyond mere buffers or kernel-density estimates by acknowledging that larger areas can exert influence over longer distances, while distant points contribute less.

Applications: Distanarea has been proposed for retail catchment analysis, emergency-services planning, transportation and logistics, environmental risk assessment, and accessibility studies in public health and education.

Advantages and limitations: The metric offers a nuanced representation of spatial influence by combining distance and area. Its results depend on the choice of decay function, the delineation of the source area, and data quality, which can introduce subjectivity and uncertainty.

See also: distance decay, catchment area, kernel density estimation, geographic information systems, spatial analysis.