Diisotsüanaats

Diisotsüanaat is a chemical compound characterized by the presence of two isocyanate functional groups (-N=C=O) within its molecule. These functional groups are highly reactive, particularly with compounds containing active hydrogen atoms such as alcohols, amines, and water. This reactivity is the basis for their widespread industrial applications.

The most common diisotsüanaat used commercially is toluene diisotsüanaat (TDI). Another significant diisotsüanaat is methylene diphenyl diisotsüanaat (MDI). These compounds are primarily employed as monomers in the production of polyurethanes. Polyurethanes are versatile polymers that can be found in a vast array of products, including flexible and rigid foams, elastomers, coatings, adhesives, and sealants. The properties of the resulting polyurethane can be tailored by selecting specific diisotsüanaat and polyol reactants.

Due to the high reactivity of the isocyanate groups, diisotsüanaats can pose health risks. Exposure to their vapors or direct contact can cause irritation to the skin, eyes, and respiratory system. In some individuals, repeated exposure can lead to sensitization and the development of occupational asthma. Proper handling procedures, including adequate ventilation and the use of personal protective equipment, are essential when working with these chemicals. Industrial processes involving diisotsüanaats are typically conducted under controlled conditions to minimize exposure risks.