Dialyzátem

Dialyzátem is the Czech term for dialysate, a fluid used in dialysis. Dialysis is a medical procedure that filters waste products and excess fluid from the blood when the kidneys are unable to perform these functions. Dialysate is a crucial component of both hemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis.

In hemodialysis, dialysate is a sterile solution that circulates through a dialyzer (artificial kidney). The dialyzer contains a semipermeable membrane that separates the patient's blood from the dialysate. This membrane allows waste products like urea and creatinine, as well as excess electrolytes like potassium and phosphate, to move from the blood into the dialysate. At the same time, essential electrolytes and bicarbonate are present in the dialysate in controlled concentrations to prevent their excessive removal from the blood and to help correct metabolic acidosis. The composition of the dialysate is carefully formulated to achieve the desired removal of substances and balance the patient's blood chemistry.

In peritoneal dialysis, dialysate is introduced directly into the abdominal cavity (peritoneum) through a catheter. The peritoneal membrane acts as the semipermeable barrier. Waste products and excess fluid from the blood vessels within the peritoneum diffuse into the dialysate. The dialysate is then drained from the abdomen and replaced with fresh solution. Like hemodialysis, the concentration of electrolytes and glucose in the peritoneal dialysate is adjusted to facilitate the removal of waste and fluid, and to help maintain electrolyte balance. Glucose in the dialysate also plays a role in drawing excess fluid from the blood through osmosis.