Dglucosa

D-glucose, also known as dextrose, is a simple monosaccharide and one of the most important carbohydrates in biology. It is an aldohexose with the molecular formula C6H12O6 and serves as a primary energy source for many organisms. The biologically relevant enantiomer in humans is the D-form.

In solution, D-glucose exists in multiple forms; in the open-chain form it contains an aldehyde group at C1, and in cyclic form it forms glucopyranose (a six-membered ring) that can be alpha or beta anomers. The equilibrium between open-chain, alpha-pyranose, and beta-pyranose is known as mutarotation. The D-configuration refers to the placement of substituents on the chiral carbons.

D-glucose is produced by photosynthesis in plants and is a central metabolic intermediate in glycolysis and cellular respiration. It is a building block for starch and glycogen (as polymers of glucose units) and for glycoproteins and glycolipids (through glycosylation). It is transported in the bloodstream and tightly regulated by hormones, particularly insulin and glucagon. Abnormal blood glucose levels are a hallmark of diabetes mellitus.

Chemically, glucose is a reducing sugar and can be oxidized to gluconic acid or reduced to sorbitol. It can be derived from the hydrolysis of dietary polysaccharides such as starch and disaccharides like sucrose. In industry and food production, glucose is used as a sweetener, a fermentable sugar, and a biochemical intermediate for various pharmaceutical and biotechnological applications.