Degranuloituu

Degranuloituu is a biological process where cells release the contents of their granules. This is a key mechanism for many cellular functions, particularly in the immune system. Cells like mast cells, basophils, and neutrophils store various bioactive molecules within specialized organelles called granules. When triggered by specific stimuli, these cells undergo degranulation, a rapid process involving the fusion of the granule membrane with the cell membrane. This fusion allows the granular contents to be released into the extracellular environment.

The substances released during degranulation can vary widely depending on the cell type. Mast cells, for instance, release histamine, proteases, and cytokines, which play crucial roles in allergic reactions and inflammation. Neutrophils release enzymes like myeloperoxidase and defensins, which are important for combating bacterial infections. Basophils release histamine and heparin, contributing to inflammatory and anticoagulant responses. This regulated release of pre-packaged molecules allows for rapid and targeted responses to a variety of physiological and pathological conditions. The process is tightly controlled to prevent excessive or inappropriate release of these potent substances.