Csillapítási

Csillapítási is a Hungarian adjectival form derived from csillapítás, meaning damping or attenuation of oscillations and energy. It is used to describe properties, parameters, or processes that reduce amplitude in mechanical, electrical, acoustical, and control systems. As an attributive modifier, it forms compound terms such as csillapítási idő (settling time), csillapítási tényező (damping factor), and csillapítási görbe (damping curve).

In engineering, csillapítási characteristics determine how quickly vibrations decay. For a damped harmonic oscillator m x'' + c x' + k x = 0, the damping term is characterized by the csillapítási coefficient c and the resulting csillapítási arány or damping ratio ζ. Different csillapítási mechanisms exist, notably viszkózus csillapítás (viscous damping) and dry friction damping.

Applications span mechanical devices such as lengéscsillapítók (shock absorbers), electrical circuits where transient responses in RLC circuits are damped, and acoustics where damped energy influences sound quality. In control theory, csillapítási properties influence stability margins and transient response, guiding design to avoid excessive overshoot and to achieve the desired settling time.

The term is common in Hungarian technical vocabulary and appears across disciplines whenever energy dissipation or amplitude decay is relevant. Related terms include csillapítás (damping), lengéscsillapító (damper or shock absorber), and csillapítási rendszer (damping system).