ClCH2COOH

Chloroacetic acid, with the chemical formula ClCH2COOH, is a halogenated carboxylic acid. It is a colorless crystalline solid at room temperature, and it is soluble in water, ethanol, and ether. Chloroacetic acid is also known by its common name, monochloroacetic acid. It is a highly corrosive and toxic compound, and proper handling procedures are essential.

Industrially, chloroacetic acid is primarily produced by the chlorination of acetic acid using chlorine gas in the presence of a catalyst such as acetic anhydride or sulfur. The reaction proceeds as follows: CH3COOH + Cl2 -> ClCH2COOH + HCl. Another method involves the hydrolysis of trichloroethylene.

Chloroacetic acid is a versatile chemical intermediate used in the synthesis of a wide range of products. Its primary applications include the production of carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC), a common thickening and stabilizing agent found in food, pharmaceuticals, and cosmetics. It is also used in the manufacture of herbicides, dyes, pharmaceuticals, and thioglycolic acid. Due to its reactivity, it is employed as an alkylating agent in organic synthesis.

The corrosive nature of chloroacetic acid necessitates careful handling. It can cause severe burns to skin and eyes, and inhalation of its vapors can irritate the respiratory tract. Ingestion is highly toxic. Appropriate personal protective equipment, such as gloves, eye protection, and respiratory protection, should always be used when working with this chemical. It is typically stored in well-ventilated areas away from incompatible materials.