Cinóber

Cinóber is a vibrant red pigment derived from cinnabar, a mineral form of mercury sulfide (HgS). Historically, cinóber was a highly valued and widely used pigment in ancient civilizations, including Egypt, Greece, and Rome. Its intense red hue made it popular for frescoes, murals, and illuminated manuscripts. The mining and processing of cinnabar were often dangerous due to mercury's toxicity, contributing to its expense and exclusivity. Over time, the use of cinóber declined as safer and more affordable synthetic red pigments became available, such as cadmium red and synthetic iron oxides. Despite its historical significance, pure cinóber is rarely used in modern art due to its toxicity and the availability of superior alternatives. However, the term "cinóber" can sometimes be used more broadly to refer to any bright red pigment with a similar hue, even if not derived from the mineral cinnabar. The preparation of natural cinóber involved grinding the mineral into a fine powder, which was then mixed with a binder to create paint.