Ciclodekstriinit

Ciclodekstriinit, also known as cyclodextrins, are a family of cyclic oligosaccharides derived from starch. They are produced by enzymatic conversion of starch using cyclodextrin glycosyltransferase. The most common cyclodextrins are alpha-, beta-, and gamma-cyclodextrin, which differ in the number of glucose units they contain (six, seven, and eight, respectively). Their unique toroidal or cone-shaped structure features a hydrophilic exterior and a hydrophobic interior cavity. This characteristic allows them to encapsulate a wide range of guest molecules, forming inclusion complexes.

The ability of cyclodextrins to form inclusion complexes has led to their extensive use in various industries. In the pharmaceutical sector, they are employed to enhance the solubility, stability, and bioavailability of poorly soluble drugs. They can also mask unpleasant tastes or odors and control drug release. In the food industry, cyclodextrins are used to stabilize flavors and aromas, reduce cholesterol content, and prevent lipid oxidation. They also find applications in cosmetics for encapsulating fragrances and active ingredients, as well as in environmental remediation for pollutant removal. Their safety profile and biodegradability make them attractive alternatives to traditional excipients. Research continues to explore novel applications and modifications of cyclodextrins for advanced materials and targeted delivery systems.