Cianeto

Cianeto refers to a chemical compound containing a cyano group, which consists of a carbon atom triple-bonded to a nitrogen atom. The formula for the cyano group is CN. Inorganic cyanides are salts that contain the cyanide ion, CN-. Common examples include sodium cyanide (NaCN) and potassium cyanide (KCN). Organic cyanides, also known as nitriles, have the cyano group attached to an organic molecule. Acetonitrile (CH3CN) is a well-known example of a nitrile.

Cyanides are highly toxic. The toxicity arises from the cyanide ion's ability to bind strongly to iron atoms in enzymes, particularly cytochrome c oxidase, which is crucial for cellular respiration. This binding inhibits the electron transport chain, preventing cells from using oxygen and leading to rapid cell death. Symptoms of cyanide poisoning can include dizziness, headache, nausea, rapid breathing, and in severe cases, convulsions, coma, and death.

Despite their toxicity, cyanides have various industrial and scientific applications. Sodium cyanide and potassium cyanide are used in mining for the extraction of gold and silver through a process called cyanidation. They are also employed in electroplating, chemical synthesis, and the production of certain dyes and plastics. Organic cyanides, or nitriles, are important intermediates in the synthesis of many organic compounds, including pharmaceuticals and polymers. Due to their hazardous nature, handling and disposal of cyanide compounds are strictly regulated.