Cellelpotentialen

Cellelpotentialen, often translated as cell potential or cellular potential, refers to the difference in electrical potential between the interior and exterior of a biological cell. This potential difference arises primarily from the unequal distribution of ions across the cell membrane, which is selectively permeable. Key ions involved include sodium (Na+), potassium (K+), calcium (Ca2+), and chloride (Cl-). The sodium-potassium pump actively transports ions, maintaining concentration gradients. This electrochemical gradient is the fundamental basis for the resting potential of most cells, which is typically negative inside relative to the outside.

Changes in cellelpotentialen are crucial for cellular function, particularly in excitable cells like neurons and muscle cells. When a cell is stimulated, ion channels open, allowing ions to flow across the membrane down their electrochemical gradients. This rapid influx or efflux of ions causes a temporary, significant change in the membrane potential, known as an action potential. These electrical signals are essential for nerve impulse transmission and muscle contraction. In non-excitable cells, although less dramatic, changes in cellelpotentialen can also regulate various cellular processes, including nutrient transport and signal transduction. The precise value and dynamic changes of cellelpotentialen are tightly regulated by the cell to ensure proper physiological function.