Caulimovirus

Caulimoviruses are a genus of plant viruses in the family Caulimoviridae. These viruses are characterized by their double-stranded DNA genomes, which are relatively small. They are transmitted by aphids in a persistent, non-propagative manner, meaning the aphid acquires the virus and can transmit it to new plants for a period of time, but the virus does not replicate within the aphid. Caulimoviruses infect a wide range of dicotyledonous plants, including important crop species.

The symptoms caused by caulimoviruses can vary depending on the specific virus and host plant. Common symptoms include mosaic patterns on leaves, leaf curling and distortion, stunting of the plant, and in some cases, necrotic lesions or yellowing of the foliage. The economic impact of caulimovirus infections can be significant, leading to reduced crop yields and quality.

The replication cycle of caulimoviruses is unique among DNA viruses. Their genome is transcribed into an RNA intermediate, which is then reverse transcribed back into DNA to form new viral particles. This process is facilitated by a viral-encoded reverse transcriptase. Caulimoviruses are important research subjects due to their unusual replication strategy and their impact on agriculture. Control measures often focus on managing aphid populations and using virus-free planting material.