Catania

Catania is a city on the east coast of Sicily, Italy, situated on the Ionian Sea at the base of Mount Etna. It is the second-largest city on the island and the principal urban, economic, and cultural center of eastern Sicily. It serves as the capital of the Metropolitan City of Catania.

Founded by Greek colonists in the 8th century BCE as Katane, the city became part of Magna Graecia and later fell under Roman rule. A major earthquake in 1693 destroyed much of the urban fabric and prompted a large-scale reconstruction in the Baroque style, giving the historic center its distinctive plan and facades.

Key monuments include the Cathedral of Saint Agatha, the Fontana dell'Elefante, and Castello Ursino, a 13th-century fortress now used as a museum. The remains of a Roman amphitheatre and a theatre lie near Piazza Stesicoro. Mount Etna dominates the skyline and influences the local climate and culture, as well as shaping architectural and urban development.

Catania functions as a port city and service hub for eastern Sicily. The surrounding plains are known for citrus production and other agriculture. The University of Catania, founded in 1434, is one of Italy’s oldest universities, and the city hosts a range of industries alongside a busy airport and railway network.

Cultural life centers on religious and folkloric traditions, notably the feast of Saint Agatha in February. Via Etnea is the main shopping street, and the city offers museums, theatres, and a vibrant street scene that reflect its long and layered history.