CYTB

CYTB, also known as cytochrome b, is a protein complex that plays a crucial role in cellular respiration. It is a key component of the electron transport chain, specifically within complex III (cytochrome bc1 complex). This protein is found in the inner mitochondrial membrane of eukaryotes and in the plasma membrane of bacteria. CYTB is involved in the transfer of electrons from ubiquinone to cytochrome c, a process that ultimately leads to the production of ATP, the energy currency of the cell. The gene encoding CYTB is located on the mitochondrial DNA in most organisms. Mutations in the CYTB gene have been linked to various genetic disorders, including certain types of myopathy and neurodegenerative diseases. Its structure and function are highly conserved across a wide range of species, highlighting its fundamental importance in cellular energy metabolism. The protein contains heme groups that are essential for its electron transfer activity. Understanding CYTB's role is vital for comprehending energy production and disease pathogenesis.