COMTinhibiittorit

COMT inhibitors, or catechol-O-methyltransferase inhibitors, are a class of drugs used primarily in the management of Parkinson's disease. They work by blocking the action of the enzyme catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT). This enzyme is responsible for breaking down levodopa, a medication that is converted into dopamine in the brain to alleviate Parkinson's symptoms.

By inhibiting COMT, these drugs prolong the effect of levodopa, allowing more of it to reach the brain. This leads to a more consistent and sustained level of dopamine, which can help to reduce motor fluctuations and "off" periods experienced by Parkinson's patients. COMT inhibitors are typically used in combination with levodopa and a peripheral decarboxylase inhibitor, such as carbidopa or benserazide.

The main COMT inhibitors approved for use include entacapone and tolcapone. Opicapone is another option that has shown a longer duration of action. Common side effects can include dyskinesias (involuntary movements), nausea, and diarrhea. Tolcapone, in particular, carries a risk of liver toxicity and requires regular monitoring of liver function. The use of COMT inhibitors has significantly improved the management of Parkinson's disease by enhancing the efficacy of levodopa therapy.