CH22O

CH2O is the chemical formula for formaldehyde. It is the simplest aldehyde and is a colorless gas at room temperature with a pungent, acrid odor. Formaldehyde is highly reactive and readily polymerizes. It is soluble in water and alcohols.

Industrially, formaldehyde is primarily produced by the catalytic oxidation of methanol. This process is carried out in the presence of a metal oxide catalyst, such as iron oxide or molybdenum oxide. Another common method involves the direct oxidation of methanol with air over a silver catalyst.

Formaldehyde is a crucial building block in the chemical industry. It is a precursor to a wide variety of materials, including resins, plastics, and other organic compounds. Its most significant application is in the production of thermosetting resins, such as urea-formaldehyde (UF), phenol-formaldehyde (PF), and melamine-formaldehyde (MF) resins. These resins are used extensively in the manufacturing of wood products like particleboard and plywood, as adhesives, coatings, and molding compounds. Formaldehyde is also used in the production of methylene diphenyl diisocyanate (MDI), a key component in polyurethane foams.

Beyond industrial applications, formaldehyde has historical uses as a disinfectant and preservative due to its biocidal properties. However, its use in these areas has declined due to health concerns. Formaldehyde is classified as a known human carcinogen. Exposure can occur through inhalation or skin contact, and it can cause irritation to the eyes, nose, and throat, as well as skin sensitization. Regulatory agencies have established exposure limits to minimize risks to workers and the general public.