CD36

CD36, also known as platelet glycoprotein IV or scavenger receptor class B member 4, is a transmembrane glycoprotein that plays a crucial role in various biological processes. It is expressed on the surface of several cell types, including platelets, monocytes, macrophages, endothelial cells, and certain epithelial cells.

This protein functions as a receptor for a wide range of ligands. It is particularly known for its ability to bind oxidized low-density lipoproteins (oxLDL), which is significant in the development of atherosclerosis. CD36 also mediates the uptake of long-chain fatty acids, contributing to lipid metabolism and cellular energy homeostasis. Furthermore, it acts as a receptor for thrombospondin and collagen, facilitating platelet aggregation and adhesion.

The involvement of CD36 extends to immune responses. It can recognize pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) and damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs), thus participating in innate immunity and inflammation. Its role in host defense against malaria parasites, by binding infected erythrocytes, has also been extensively studied. Dysregulation of CD36 expression and function has been implicated in various diseases, including cardiovascular diseases, metabolic disorders like diabetes, and certain types of cancer. Research continues to explore the multifaceted roles of CD36 and its therapeutic potential.