CD28ával

CD28 is a transmembrane protein belonging to the immunoglobulin superfamily. It is primarily expressed on the surface of T cells, playing a crucial role in their activation and immune response. CD28 is a receptor that binds to its ligands, B7-1 (CD80) and B7-2 (CD86), which are expressed on antigen-presenting cells. This interaction serves as a costimulatory signal, essential for full T cell activation beyond the initial signal provided by the T cell receptor.

The binding of CD28 to B7 molecules enhances T cell proliferation, cytokine production, and survival. Without this costimulatory signal, T cells may become anergic, meaning they are unresponsive to antigen stimulation. CD28 signaling is therefore critical for generating effective adaptive immune responses against pathogens and for maintaining immune tolerance. It is involved in the development of both helper and cytotoxic T cells. Dysregulation of CD28 signaling has been implicated in various immune-related disorders, including autoimmune diseases and cancer. Therapeutic strategies targeting the CD28 pathway are being explored for their potential to modulate immune responses in different clinical settings.