Bélperisztaltika

Bélperisztaltika refers to the involuntary constriction and relaxation of the muscles in the intestinal wall that push food and waste products through the digestive tract. This wave-like muscular action is essential for the efficient movement of chyme and feces along the small and large intestines. It originates from the smooth muscle layers surrounding the intestines and is regulated by the enteric nervous system, a complex network of neurons within the gut wall.

The process begins with a bolus of food entering the intestine. Circular muscles behind the bolus contract, while longitudinal muscles ahead of it relax, narrowing the lumen behind the food and widening it in front. This coordinated action propels the food forward. Subsequently, the circular muscles ahead of the bolus relax, and the longitudinal muscles behind it contract, further advancing the contents. This rhythmic sequence ensures that digestion and absorption can occur effectively as food moves through the intestines at an appropriate pace. Factors such as nerve signals, hormones, and the presence of food can influence the frequency and intensity of peristalsis. Disruptions to bélperisztaltika can lead to various gastrointestinal issues, including constipation, diarrhea, and abdominal pain.