Betalaktamázs

Betalaktamázs, often translated as beta-lactamase, refers to a group of enzymes produced by bacteria. These enzymes are primarily known for their ability to break down and inactivate beta-lactam antibiotics. This class of antibiotics includes penicillins, cephalosporins, and carbapenems, which are widely used to treat bacterial infections. The mechanism of action of beta-lactam antibiotics involves inhibiting bacterial cell wall synthesis. However, bacteria that produce beta-lactamase can hydrolyze the beta-lactam ring within these antibiotics, rendering them ineffective.

The production of beta-lactamase is a significant mechanism of antibiotic resistance in bacteria. This resistance can be inherent to certain bacterial species or acquired through genetic mutation or the transfer of resistance genes from other bacteria. The presence and activity of beta-lactamases pose a major challenge in clinical settings, leading to treatment failures and the need for alternative antibiotic therapies. The types of beta-lactamases are diverse, and they are often classified based on their substrate specificity and their inhibition by specific drugs like clavulanic acid. The ongoing development of new beta-lactamase inhibitors is a critical area of research aimed at overcoming this form of antibiotic resistance.