Baselsäädökset

Baselsäädökset refers to a series of international banking regulations developed by the Basel Committee on Banking Supervision. These regulations aim to ensure that banks have sufficient capital to absorb unexpected losses and to promote financial stability. The most prominent of these are Basel I, Basel II, and Basel III.

Basel I, established in 1988, primarily focused on credit risk and introduced a minimum capital requirement based on a bank's risk-weighted assets. It set a target for a capital-to-risk-weighted assets ratio of 8%.

Basel II, implemented in 2004, expanded on Basel I by introducing more sophisticated approaches to measuring credit risk and incorporating operational risk and market risk into the capital framework. It allowed banks more flexibility in calculating their risk-weighted assets.

Basel III, developed in response to the 2008 global financial crisis, further strengthened capital requirements and introduced new liquidity standards. It aims to enhance banks' resilience to financial and economic stress by increasing capital levels, improving risk coverage, and introducing liquidity requirements. Basel III also introduced measures to address systemic risk and to reduce the pro-cyclicality of capital requirements. The implementation of Basel III has been phased in over several years.