Arbol

Arbol, or árbol, is a perennial woody plant that typically develops a single main trunk supporting a crown of branches and leaves. Most species reach considerable height, though size varies widely. In botanical terms, a tree is distinguished from a shrub by its persistent above-ground structure and a main stem. The word arbol is the Spanish term for tree.

Biology and ecology: Arboles belong to two major groups, gymnosperms and angiosperms, and reproduce primarily by seeds. Many produce fruit that aids seed dispersal, while others bear cones. They form wood composed of xylem and phloem, providing mechanical support and transporting nutrients. Ecologically, arboles are keystone components of many habitats: they capture carbon, regulate local climate, supply oxygen, stabilize soils, and offer food and shelter to countless species.

Uses and significance: Humans use arboles for timber, shade, fruit, medicines, and ornament. They feature prominently in culture and art, and in social ideas such as genealogical trees and mythic symbolism like the arbol de la vida. Threats include deforestation, pests, and climate change, while conservation and sustainable forestry aim to preserve arbol populations and the services they provide.