Anukleotiidide

Anukleotiidide refers to a class of chemical compounds that are essential building blocks of nucleic acids, DNA and RNA. Each anukleotiidide consists of three main components: a nitrogenous base, a five-carbon sugar (ribose or deoxyribose), and one or more phosphate groups. The nitrogenous bases are categorized into two groups: purines, which include adenine (A) and guanine (G), and pyrimidines, which include cytosine (C), thymine (T), and uracil (U). In DNA, the sugar is deoxyribose, and the bases are A, G, C, and T. In RNA, the sugar is ribose, and the bases are A, G, C, and U. The phosphate group connects the sugar molecules together, forming the characteristic sugar-phosphate backbone of nucleic acid strands. Anukleotiidide can also exist as free molecules within cells, where they play crucial roles in cellular metabolism and energy transfer, such as adenosine triphosphate (ATP). The sequence of these anukleotiidide units within a nucleic acid molecule carries the genetic information that directs protein synthesis and other cellular functions.