Anioonpolümerisatsioonireaktsioonid

Anion polymerization reactions are a class of chain - growth polymerization processes in which anionic species (such as carbanions or alkoxides) serve as initiators, propagators, or terminators. These reactions involve the addition of monomers to a growing polymer chain via a negatively charged active center.

Key characteristics include living polymerization, where the polymer chain end stays active until a specific quenching agent is introduced. This enables precise control over molecular weight and chain architecture. The reactions usually require anhydrous conditions to prevent hydrolysis of the anionic sites.

Common types include anionic polymerization of alkenes (e.g., styrene, butadiene) using metal alkyls or organolithium reagents, and ring - opening anionic polymerization (ROAP) of cyclic esters or ethers, which yields polyesters or polyethers with defined stereochemistry.

Anion polymerization is widely used in the synthesis of high - purity polymers for applications like specialty coatings, adhesives, and biomedical materials, where controlling molecular weight distribution is crucial. Overall, it is a potent method in polymer chemistry for producing polymers with tailored properties, though its practical application relies on strict control of moisture and impurities.