Aminotranszferáz

Aminotranszferáz, also known as transzamináz, is a type of enzyme that catalyzes the transfer of an amino group from an amino acid to a keto acid. This process is a crucial step in amino acid metabolism, allowing for the interconversion of amino acids and alpha-keto acids. These enzymes play a vital role in the synthesis and degradation of amino acids, as well as in the production of other important biomolecules.

Aminotranszferázs are widely distributed in living organisms, found in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes. They are particularly abundant in the liver, muscles, and kidneys of animals. The reaction catalyzed by aminotranszferázs typically involves pyridoxal phosphate (PLP) as a coenzyme. PLP binds to the enzyme and facilitates the transfer of the amino group through a series of intermediate steps.

Several clinically significant aminotranszferázs exist, including aspartate aminotranszferáz (AST) and alanine aminotranszferáz (ALT). Elevated levels of AST and ALT in the blood are often indicative of cellular damage, particularly in the liver. For example, liver diseases such as hepatitis and cirrhosis can lead to increased AST and ALT levels, making these enzymes useful biomarkers for monitoring liver health. Other aminotranszferázs are involved in the synthesis of neurotransmitters and other metabolic pathways.