Aminotransferaasid

Aminotransferases are a class of enzymes that catalyze the transfer of amino groups from amino acids to other molecules, typically alpha-keto acids, forming new amino acids. These enzymes play a crucial role in various metabolic pathways, including amino acid metabolism, the urea cycle, and the synthesis of nucleotides. They are classified into two main groups based on their cofactor requirements: aminotransferases that require pyridoxal phosphate (PLP) as a cofactor, and aminotransferases that require a metal ion, such as iron or zinc, as a cofactor. The PLP-dependent aminotransferases are further divided into two subclasses: transaminases and decarboxylating aminotransferases. Transaminases catalyze the reversible transfer of an amino group, while decarboxylating aminotransferases catalyze the irreversible transfer of an amino group, accompanied by the loss of a carbon dioxide molecule. Aminotransferases are found in all living organisms, from bacteria to humans, and they are essential for maintaining the balance of amino acids in the body. They are also important in the food industry, where they are used in the production of amino acids and other compounds.