Alphahemolyysi

Alphahemolysis is a term used in microbiology and hematology to describe a specific type of hemolysis, which is the lysis or breakdown of red blood cells. It is also known as incomplete hemolysis or green hemolysis. This phenomenon occurs when certain bacteria, most notably Streptococcus pneumoniae and Streptococcus viridans, are grown on blood agar.

When these bacteria produce alpha-hemolysin, an enzyme or toxin, it partially breaks down the hemoglobin within the red blood cells. This breakdown results in the conversion of hemoglobin to methemoglobin. The methemoglobin is what gives the characteristic greenish discoloration to the agar surrounding the bacterial colonies. Unlike beta-hemolysis, which results in a clear zone due to complete lysis, alpha-hemolysis leaves the red blood cells intact but altered, hence the "incomplete" description.

The presence of alpha-hemolysis on blood agar is a valuable diagnostic tool. It helps in the identification and differentiation of bacterial species. For instance, the ability to produce alpha-hemolysis is a key characteristic used to distinguish Streptococcus pneumoniae, a significant pathogen, from other streptococci. The degree and appearance of the green zone can vary depending on the bacterial strain and incubation conditions.