Allòctones

Allòctones is a term used in biology and ecology to describe species that are not native to a particular geographic region. These species are often referred to as non-native, introduced, or exotic species. The introduction of allòctones can occur through natural means, such as wind or water dispersal, or through human activities, such as trade, travel, or accidental release.

Once established, allòctones can have a range of impacts on the native ecosystem. Some species may integrate without causing significant disruption, while others can become invasive. Invasive allòctones pose a threat because they can outcompete native species for resources, prey on native fauna, introduce diseases, or alter habitat structure. This can lead to a decline in native biodiversity, changes in ecosystem function, and economic losses.

The study of allòctones is crucial for understanding ecological dynamics and for developing strategies to manage their spread and mitigate their negative effects. Conservation efforts often focus on preventing the introduction of new allòctones and controlling or eradicating existing populations that are causing harm. The distinction between a non-native species and an invasive species is important; not all introduced species become invasive, but invasive species are always allòctones.