Allylgruppe

The allyl group is a functional group in organic chemistry, consisting of an allyl radical (CH2=CH-CH2) attached to a molecule. This group is characterized by the presence of a vinyl group (CH=CH2) and a methylene group (CH2) connected to the same carbon atom. The allyl group is often denoted as -CH2-CH=CH2 or simply -allyl.

The allyl group is significant in organic synthesis and biochemistry. It is a common structural motif in many natural products and pharmaceuticals. The allyl group can participate in various chemical reactions, including addition, substitution, and rearrangement reactions. Its reactivity is due to the presence of the π-bond in the vinyl group, which allows for the delocalization of electrons and the formation of resonance structures.

In biochemistry, the allyl group is found in certain amino acids and cofactors. For example, it is a component of the coenzyme thiamine pyrophosphate (TPP), which is essential for the activity of several enzymes involved in carbohydrate metabolism.

The allyl group can also be used as a protecting group in organic synthesis. It can be introduced onto a molecule using allylating agents, such as allyl halides or allyl silanes. The allyl group can then be selectively removed under mild conditions, allowing for the protection and deprotection of functional groups in complex molecules.