Albaniens

Albaniens (Albanians) are an Indo-European ethnic group native to the western Balkans, primarily concentrated in the Republic of Albania and the partially recognized state of Kosovo, with significant communities in North Macedonia, Montenegro, southern Serbia, Greece, and a long-established minority in Italy (Arbëreshë). Large diasporas exist in Turkey, Western Europe, and the United States.

The Albanian language, a distinct branch of the Indo-European family, unites the group and has two main standardized dialects, Gheg and Tosk. Albanian culture reflects a blend of indigenous Balkan traditions and influences from Roman, Byzantine, Slavic, and Ottoman rule. Folk music, polyphonic singing (recognized by UNESCO), traditional dance, and oral poetry are important cultural expressions. Social customs historically included the customary law known as the Kanun in northern regions; hospitality and family ties remain culturally significant.

Religiously, Albanians are diverse: historically Muslim-majority due to centuries of Ottoman influence, with sizable Orthodox and Catholic Christian communities and a notable secular population. Modern Albanian identity tends to emphasize language and cultural heritage over religion.

Historically, Albanians trace aspects of their heritage to ancient Illyrian populations, experienced Ottoman rule for several centuries, declared Albanian independence in 1912, and underwent a communist period in the 20th century followed by democratization and migration after 1990. Contemporary issues include economic development, political integration in Europe, minority rights in neighboring states, and the cultural vitality of diaspora communities.