Akrylonitrile

Acrylonitrile, sometimes spelled akrylonitrile in some languages, is an organic compound with the formula C3H3N. It is a colorless to pale liquid with a sharp, irritating odor. The molecule contains a vinyl group attached to a nitrile, giving the structure CH2=CH-CN.

In industry, acrylonitrile is produced predominantly by catalytic ammoxidation of propylene in the presence of ammonia and oxygen over mixed metal oxide catalysts. The process yields acrylonitrile on a large scale for use as a monomer.

Main uses include production of polyacrylonitrile (PAN) fibers and resins, which are widely used in textiles, filtration, and carbon fiber precursors. It is also employed as a comonomer in copolymers such as acrylonitrile-styrene and acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene resins, as well as in nitrile rubber and various specialty polymers.

Safety and handling: Acrylonitrile is toxic by inhalation and skin contact and is considered a potential occupational carcinogen by several health agencies. It is highly flammable and reacts with oxidizers. It is usually stored with inhibitors to prevent unwanted polymerization and kept in vented containers away from heat and incompatible materials. Appropriate engineering controls, personal protective equipment, and spill prevention are required in its handling.

Environmental and regulatory: Emissions are controlled in manufacturing, and releases are subject to environmental regulations. Acrylonitrile can volatilize from surfaces and is reactive outdoors; waste must be treated to prevent releases. It is listed under various safety and chemical-management regimes and is handled under strict exposure limits in many jurisdictions.