ATPhydrolyysillä

ATPhydrolyysi, also known as ATP hydrolysis, is the process by which adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is broken down into adenosine diphosphate (ADP) and an inorganic phosphate ion (Pi). This reaction releases a significant amount of free energy that cells can utilize to power various biological processes. The hydrolysis of ATP is a fundamental reaction in cellular metabolism, often referred to as the "energy currency" of the cell.

The reaction can be represented as: ATP + H2O -> ADP + Pi + energy. This reaction is exergonic, meaning it releases energy. This released energy is not directly used but is coupled to other endergonic reactions, those that require energy, making them proceed. This coupling is a crucial mechanism for cellular work, such as muscle contraction, active transport of molecules across membranes, and the synthesis of complex molecules like proteins and nucleic acids.

Enzymes called ATPases catalyze and regulate the rate of ATP hydrolysis. These enzymes are vital for controlling the flow of energy within the cell. The regeneration of ATP from ADP and Pi is achieved through cellular respiration and photosynthesis, ensuring a continuous supply of energy for cellular functions.