AMPsubstrate

AMPsubstrate is a term encountered in biochemistry and enzymology to denote a substrate that bears or receives an adenosine monophosphate (AMP) moiety during a reaction, or more broadly a molecule that participates in AMP-related chemistry. The usage is not standardized, and in many sources the concept is described in the context of specific reaction types rather than as a formal category.

In adenylylation or AMPylation, enzymes transfer an AMP group from ATP to a target molecule. The target is the AMP-substrate; the donor is ATP. Fic domain proteins are a well-characterized class that catalyze protein AMPylation, modifying proteins such as Rab GTPases and chaperones.

AMP can also be a substrate in nucleotide metabolism. For example, 5'-nucleotidases hydrolyze AMP to adenosine and phosphate. AMP deaminase converts AMP to IMP in purine nucleotide metabolism. In signaling, AMP acts as an allosteric regulator for AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and is involved in energy sensing, though not consumed as a substrate in the canonical catalytic sense by AMPK.

In data resources, AMPsubstrate may appear as a keyword or label for AMP-containing substrates in metabolic or enzymatic reaction datasets, typically identified experimentally by mass spectrometry or enzymatic assays.