ADPribosylationas

ADPribosylation is a post-translational modification where one or more ADP-ribose moieties are transferred from nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) to a target protein. This process is catalyzed by a family of enzymes known as ADP-ribosyltransferases (ARTs). ADPribosylation can occur as a single addition (mono-ADPribosylation) or as a chain of ADP-ribose units (poly-ADPribosylation). The targets for ADPribosylation are typically amino acid residues such as arginine, glutamate, aspartate, or cysteine.

This modification plays a crucial role in a wide array of cellular processes. Mono-ADPribosylation is involved in signal transduction, protein transport, and DNA repair. Poly-ADPribosylation, particularly catalyzed by poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) enzymes, is critically important in DNA damage response, where it helps recruit repair proteins to damaged sites and regulates genomic stability. Disruption of ADPribosylation pathways has been linked to various diseases, including cancer, neurodegenerative disorders, and inflammatory conditions. The dynamic nature of ADPribosylation, with enzymes responsible for both its addition and removal (ADP-ribosylhydrolases or deacetylases), allows for precise regulation of cellular events. Understanding the intricacies of ADPribosylation continues to be an active area of biological research.