8thcenturyBC

The 8th century BC, spanning the years 800 BC to 701 BC, was a period of significant development and change across various ancient civilizations. In the Near East, the Neo-Assyrian Empire continued its expansion, consolidating its power and influence. This era saw the construction of major cities and the advancement of military technologies. Further south, the Kingdom of Judah and the Kingdom of Israel were established, charting their own courses within the region, often marked by internal developments and interactions with neighboring powers.

In the Mediterranean, the Greek world was undergoing the so-called Greek Dark Ages, a period characterized by a decline in literacy and material culture following the collapse of the Mycenaean civilization. However, towards the end of the century, signs of recovery emerged, including the reintroduction of writing and the beginnings of the Archaic period. Concurrently, along the Italian peninsula, early Italic peoples were developing their cultures, laying the groundwork for future Roman civilization. Across the sea, Phoenician traders were expanding their networks, establishing colonies and spreading their influence and alphabet throughout the Mediterranean basin. This century also witnessed the early stages of iron metallurgy becoming more widespread, impacting agriculture, warfare, and craftsmanship.