2V2O5

Vanadium pentoxide, with the chemical formula V2O5, is an inorganic compound. It appears as a bright orange or yellow crystalline solid, though it can also be found in darker shades due to impurities. V2O5 is sparingly soluble in water, forming a slightly acidic solution.

Historically, vanadium pentoxide has been used in ceramics and glassmaking, imparting vibrant colors to glazes. Its most significant industrial application is as a catalyst. It plays a crucial role in the production of sulfuric acid through the contact process, where it facilitates the oxidation of sulfur dioxide to sulfur trioxide. This catalytic property also extends to its use in the oxidation of organic compounds.

In metallurgy, vanadium pentoxide is a precursor for producing metallic vanadium and various vanadium alloys, which are known for their strength and heat resistance. These alloys find applications in aerospace and high-strength steel production. Vanadium pentoxide is also being explored for its potential in battery technology, particularly in vanadium redox flow batteries, which are designed for large-scale energy storage.

While useful, vanadium pentoxide is considered toxic, and appropriate safety precautions should be taken during its handling. Exposure can irritate the respiratory tract and skin.