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The years 1860 and 1861 are notable for several significant events and developments in history. In 1860, the United States experienced a period of political turmoil, culminating in the secession of several states from the Union. The election of Abraham Lincoln as the 16th President of the United States in November 1860 was a pivotal moment, as it was widely anticipated that his election would lead to the secession of Southern states, which were predominantly slaveholding. The secession of South Carolina on December 20, 1860, marked the beginning of the American Civil War.

The year 1861 saw the formal secession of several Southern states, including Mississippi, Florida, Alabama, Georgia, and Louisiana, which joined the Confederate States of America. The first shots of the Civil War were fired at Fort Sumter in South Carolina on April 12, 1861, marking the beginning of a four-year conflict that would result in the abolition of slavery and the reunification of the United States. The war also had significant impacts on the economy, society, and culture of the nation, shaping the course of American history for generations to come.