18581950

1858–1950 is a historiographical label for a broad period that spans the late nineteenth century through the mid twentieth century. It covers transformative changes in politics, economy, society, and culture across many regions.

The period saw rapid industrialization and technological innovation, urbanization, and the expansion of global trade and communication networks.

Political life transformed with imperial expansion, the consolidation of modern nation-states, and rising movements for independence and reform.

The era included two world wars, revolutions, and major border reconfigurations, followed by the beginnings of a new international order.

Cultural and intellectual life saw the rise of modernism, new scientific theories, and reforms in education and social policy. The period ends around 1950, as postwar reconstruction, Cold War beginnings, and decolonization reshaped global politics and economies.