viðbrögðum

Viðbrögð is a Icelandic noun meaning reactions or responses. The word is used to describe how a person, animal, or system responds to a stimulus, event, or situation. The base form in the singular is viðbragð, while the plural nominative and accusative is viðbrögð. The form viðbrögðum is a common inflected form, typically the dative plural, and appears in constructions requiring that case.

The term is widely used across domains. In physiology and medicine, viðbrögð refer to bodily responses to stimuli, such as changes in heart rate, respiration, or sweating. In psychology and everyday language, it denotes behavioural or emotional responses to thoughts, feelings, or external triggers. In sociology and politics, it describes how groups, communities, or authorities react to events, policies, or crises. In media and culture, discussions may focus on public viðbrögð to announcements, incidents, or artworks.

Typical phrases include líkamleg viðbrögð (bodily reactions), sálfræðileg viðbrögð (psychological responses), and viðbrögð við sársauka (reactions to pain). The concept also encompasses adaptive or reflexive responses, learned behaviours, and strategic or planned actions in response to challenges.

Notes on usage: viðbrögð is used in neutral, descriptive contexts to report or analyze responses without judgment. The form viðbrögðum appears in sentences requiring the dative plural or other grammatical constructions that involve that case. For Icelandic learners, recognizing the base viðbragð and the plural viðbrögð helps in understanding related phrases such as viðbrögðum stjórnvalda or viðbrögð við atvikum.