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Variazione is a term used in music to describe a modification or alteration of a musical theme. It involves taking an original melody or harmonic progression and presenting it in a new way while retaining its core identity. Variations can affect various aspects of the music, including melody, rhythm, harmony, tempo, key, and orchestration. Composers employ variations to explore the potential of a musical idea, creating a sense of development and interest within a composition.

The process of variation is a fundamental technique in Western classical music, appearing in works from the Baroque period to the present day. Composers might alter the rhythm to make a melody more lively or somber. Harmonic variations can introduce different chords or progressions to change the emotional color of the theme. Melodic variations might involve embellishments, leaps, or a change in contour. Orchestration variations involve reassigning the melody or accompaniment to different instruments or combinations of instruments, altering the timbre and texture.

Common forms that extensively utilize variations include the theme and variations, where a distinct theme is presented and then followed by a series of variations. Other forms might incorporate variations within larger structures, such as sonata form or fugues. The art of variation lies in the composer's ability to transform a theme in diverse and imaginative ways without losing its recognizability, showcasing both technical skill and creative ingenuity.