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Vaiheenvaihdot, or phase transitions, are physical changes in which a substance changes from one state of matter to another. These transitions occur due to changes in temperature or pressure, and they are characterized by the absorption or release of heat. The most common phase transitions are between solid, liquid, and gas states.
In a solid-to-liquid transition, known as melting, the substance absorbs heat, causing its particles to gain
A liquid-to-gas transition, called vaporization or boiling, happens when the substance absorbs enough heat to overcome
A solid-to-gas transition, known as sublimation, occurs when the substance absorbs heat directly from the solid
Phase transitions are fundamental to many natural processes and industrial applications, including weather patterns, cooking, and