tórax

The thorax, also known as the chest, is the part of the body located between the neck and the abdomen. It is enclosed by the rib cage, which is formed by the ribs, the sternum (breastbone) at the front, and the thoracic vertebrae at the back. This bony structure provides protection for vital organs within the thorax.

The primary function of the thorax is to house and protect the heart and lungs. The rhythmic expansion and contraction of the rib cage, facilitated by the intercostal muscles and the diaphragm, enable the process of breathing, or respiration. Inhaled air enters the lungs, where gas exchange occurs, and exhaled air is expelled. The heart, a muscular organ responsible for pumping blood throughout the body, is also situated within the thoracic cavity.

Other structures found within the thorax include the esophagus, which carries food from the pharynx to the stomach, and major blood vessels such as the aorta and the pulmonary arteries and veins. Nerves, including parts of the sympathetic nervous system, also traverse the thoracic region. The thoracic cavity is lined by a serous membrane called the pleura, which reduces friction during breathing. Conditions affecting the thorax can range from respiratory illnesses like pneumonia and asthma to cardiac problems and injuries to the rib cage.