südameklappe

Südameklapp is the Estonian word for heart valve. There are four main heart valves in the human heart, each responsible for ensuring blood flows in the correct direction through the heart's chambers. These valves open to allow blood to pass through and close to prevent backflow. The four valves are the mitral valve, the tricuspid valve, the aortic valve, and the pulmonary valve. The mitral and tricuspid valves are known as atrioventricular valves, located between the atria and ventricles. The aortic and pulmonary valves are semilunar valves, situated between the ventricles and the major arteries leaving the heart.

Problems with heart valves, known as valvular heart disease, can arise from various causes, including congenital defects, infections, aging, and other medical conditions. When a heart valve does not function properly, it can lead to either stenosis, where the valve opening is narrowed and restricts blood flow, or regurgitation, where the valve does not close completely, allowing blood to leak backward. These conditions can strain the heart, leading to symptoms such as shortness of breath, chest pain, fatigue, and palpitations. Diagnosis typically involves physical examination, electrocardiograms, echocardiograms, and sometimes cardiac catheterization. Treatment options range from medication to surgical interventions, including valve repair or replacement.