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Syzygy is a term used in astronomy to describe a specific alignment of astronomical objects. The most common usage refers to the alignment of three celestial bodies, typically the Sun, Earth, and either the Moon or a planet. This alignment can result in various phenomena, such as solar and lunar eclipses, as well as tidal effects.

The term "syzygy" originates from the Greek word "syzygia," which means "yoked together." This name reflects the idea that the bodies are aligned in a straight line, much like a yoke connecting two oxen. Syzygy is a critical concept in celestial mechanics, as it influences the gravitational interactions between these bodies.

One of the most well-known syzygies is the alignment of the Sun, Earth, and Moon, which occurs during a new moon or full moon. During a new moon, the Moon is positioned between the Sun and Earth, resulting in a solar eclipse if the alignment is precise. Conversely, during a full moon, the Earth is between the Sun and Moon, causing a lunar eclipse.

Syzygy can also occur with other planets, such as when Earth, Mars, and the Sun align. This alignment affects the gravitational forces acting on the planets and can influence their orbits and tidal effects. Syzygy is a fundamental concept in astronomy and plays a crucial role in understanding the dynamics of the solar system.