spektrifotometriaa

Spektrofotometriaa, or spectrophotometry in English, is an analytical technique used to measure the amount of light that a sample absorbs or transmits. This measurement is dependent on the wavelength of light. A spectrophotometer is the instrument used to perform this analysis. It works by passing a beam of light through a sample and then measuring the intensity of the light that has passed through or is reflected by the sample. The instrument separates light into its constituent wavelengths, typically using a prism or diffraction grating, and then measures the light intensity at each specific wavelength.

The fundamental principle behind spectrophotometry is the Beer-Lambert Law, which states that the absorbance of a solution is directly proportional to the concentration of the absorbing species and the path length the light travels through the solution. This relationship allows scientists to determine the concentration of a substance in a sample by measuring its absorbance at a specific wavelength. Different substances absorb and transmit light differently at various wavelengths, creating unique spectral fingerprints.

Spectrophotometry has wide-ranging applications across many scientific disciplines. In chemistry, it is used for quantitative analysis to determine the concentration of unknown solutions, to study reaction kinetics, and to identify compounds. In biology, it is employed to measure the concentration of proteins and nucleic acids, to analyze enzyme activity, and to study photosynthesis. Environmental science uses spectrophotometry for water quality testing, such as measuring pollutant levels. Clinical laboratories utilize it for blood tests, drug analysis, and medical diagnostics. The versatility and relative simplicity of spectrophotometry make it a cornerstone technique in modern scientific research and industry.