sköldkörtelknutor

Sköldkörtelknutor, often referred to as thyroid nodules, are lumps that form within the thyroid gland. The thyroid gland is a small, butterfly-shaped organ located at the base of the neck, responsible for producing hormones that regulate metabolism. These nodules are very common, particularly as people age, and most are benign, meaning they are not cancerous.

The exact cause of most thyroid nodules is unknown. Factors such as iodine deficiency, autoimmune thyroid conditions like Hashimoto's thyroiditis, and the presence of a multinodular goiter can contribute to their formation. Some nodules may also develop due to small overgrowths of normal thyroid tissue.

Many thyroid nodules are asymptomatic and are discovered incidentally during routine medical examinations or imaging tests performed for other reasons. When symptoms do occur, they can include a palpable lump in the neck, difficulty swallowing or breathing if the nodule is large and presses on surrounding structures, or hoarseness if it affects the vocal cords. Some nodules can also produce excess thyroid hormone, leading to hyperthyroidism symptoms like rapid heart rate, weight loss, and anxiety.

Diagnosis typically involves a physical examination, thyroid function tests to assess hormone levels, and an ultrasound of the thyroid gland. Ultrasound can determine the size, number, and characteristics of the nodules. Fine-needle aspiration (FNA) biopsy is often performed on suspicious nodules to determine if they are cancerous.

Treatment depends on whether the nodule is benign or malignant, and its effect on thyroid function. Benign nodules that are asymptomatic usually do not require treatment and are monitored. If a nodule is causing hyperthyroidism, treatment may involve radioactive iodine therapy, medication, or surgery. Thyroid cancer requires surgical removal of the affected part or the entire thyroid gland, often followed by radiation therapy or hormone replacement.